Layer 1 — compacted gravel
Most patios need 4–6 in of compacted crushed stone over firm soil. Use the Gravel Calculator for that volume and tonnage. Compaction matters — loose depth is not finished depth.
Geotextile between soil and stone helps on clay. It does not replace proper depth.
Layer 2 — bedding sand
1–2 in of coarse sand or screed sand sits on top of the gravel. The Sand Calculator handles that thin layer. Do not use play sand — it does not screed flat.
Layer 3 — pavers
Count pavers from patio area, paver size, joint width, and waste. Diagonal patterns need more waste than a running bond. The Paver Calculator covers the top layer only.
Use a calculator for this
Frequently asked questions
Can I lay pavers on dirt?
Not for a long-lasting patio. Without gravel and compaction, pavers settle unevenly after the first winter.
Polymeric sand vs bedding sand?
Bedding sand goes under pavers. Polymeric sand locks joints after pavers are set — different product, different step.